New Discovery about Distant Galaxies: Stars are Heavier than we thought

New discovery about distant galaxies: Stars are heavier than we thought
Left: best-fit temperature from 10 to 50 K vs. lookback time from a sample of 139,535 COSMOS2015 galaxies with S/N > 10 in the V band (Laigle et al. 2016). At each redshift, the distribution is individually normalized in order to emphasize the temperature distribution at all redshifts. With increased redshift, fewer galaxies are fit at lower temperatures. Right: boxcar-smoothed mean with standard deviation of best-fit gas temperature at different lookback times (with mean determined from objects in 2 Gyr width age bins and not including galaxies fit at the bounds of temperature range). The mean temperature increases from ∼28 to ∼36 K from present to 12 Gyr, while the spread decreases. Credit: The European Physical Journal E (2022). DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00183-5

A team of Uni...

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Type 2 Diabetes Accelerates Brain Aging and Cognitive Decline

Aging effects on the brain, further exacerbated in type 2 diabetes. Image credit: Lilianne Mujica-Parodi (CC BY 4.0)

Scientists have demonstrated that normal brain aging is accelerated by approximately 26% in people with progressive type 2 diabetes compared with individuals without the disease, reports a study published today in eLife.

The authors evaluated the relationship between typical brain aging and that seen in type 2 diabetes, and observed that type 2 diabetes follows a similar pattern of neurodegeneration as aging, but which progresses faster. One important implication of this finding is that even typical brain aging may reflect changes in the brain’s regulation of glucose by insulin.

The results further suggest that by the time type 2 diabetes is formally diagnosed, the...

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Significant Energy Savings using Neuromorphic Hardware

One of Intel’s Nahuku boards, each of which contains eight to 32 Intel Loihi neuromorphic chips. © Tim Herman/Intel Corporation

For the first time TU Graz’s Institute of Theoretical Computer Science and Intel Labs demonstrated experimentally that a large neural network can process sequences such as sentences while consuming 4X – 16X less energy while running on neuromorphic hardware than non-neuromorphic hardware. The new research based on Intel Labs’ Loihi neuromorphic research chip that draws on insights from neuroscience to create chips that function similar to those in the biological brain.

The research was funded by The Human Brain Project (HBP), one of the largest research projects in the world with more than 500 scientists and engineers across Europe studying the human bra...

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Hubble reaches new Milestone in Mystery of Universe’s Expansion Rate

This collection of 36 images from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope features galaxies that are all hosts to both Cepheid variables and supernovae. These two celestial phenomena are both crucial tools used by astronomers to determine astronomical distance, and have been used to refine our measurement of the Hubble constant, the expansion rate of the universe.

Completing a nearly 30-year marathon, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has calibrated more than 40 “milepost markers” of space and time to help scientists precisely measure the expansion rate of the universe — a quest with a plot twist.

Pursuit of the universe’s expansion rate began in the 1920s with measurements by astronomers Edwin P. Hubble and Georges Lemaître...

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